Von Papen was involved in occasional Nazi political demonstrations, supported Nazi propaganda activities and submitted detailed reports on the activities of the Nazi Party, and routine reports relating to Austrian military defenses. He urged that the Austrian Nazi Party change its character as a centralized Reich German Party and become a rallying point for all national Germans. On July 27, 1935, von Papen reported to Hitler that the union of Austria and Germany could not be brought about by external pressure but only by the strength of the National Socialist movement. Yet he arranged for 200,000 marks a month to be transmitted to "the persecuted National Socialist sufferers in Austria." On May 17, 1935, he reported to Hitler the results of a conference with Captain Leopold, the Leader of the Austrian Nazis, and urged Hitler to make a statement recognizing the national independence of Austria, and predicting that the result might be to help the formation of a coalition between Schuschnigg's Christian Socialists and the Austrian Nazis against Starhemberg. In early 1935 he attended a meeting in Berlin at which the policy was laid down to avoid everything which would give the appearance of German intervention in the internal affairs of Austria. His appointment was announced in a letter from Hitler which instructed him to direct relations between the two countries "into normal and friendly channels" and assured him of Hitler's "complete and unlimited confidence." As Minister to Austria, von Papen mas active in trying to strengthen the position of the Nazi Party in Austria for the purpose of bringing about Anschluss. Notwithstanding the murder of his associates, von Papen accepted the position of Minister to Austria on July 26, 1934, the day after Dollfuss had been assassinated. On June 16, 1934, however, von Papen made a speech at Marburg which contained a denunciation of the Nazi attempts to suppress the free press and the church, of the existence of a reign of terror, and of "150 percent Nazis" who were mistaking "brutality for vitality." On June 30, 1934, in the wave of violence which accompanied the so-called Roehm Purge, von Papen was taken into custody by the SS, his office force was arrested, and two of his associates, including the man who had helped him work on the Marburg speech, were murdered. As Vice Chancellor in that Cabinet he participated in the Nazi consolidation of control in 1933. Von Papen was active in 19 in helping Hitler to form the Coalition Cabinet and aided in his appointment as Chancellor on January 30, 1933. Franz von Papen returned to Germany when Turkey broke off diplomatic relations with Germany in August 1944. On April 20, 1939, he was appointed Ambassador to Turkey. On July 26, 1934, he was appointed Minister to Vienna, and was recalled on February 4, 1938. He was made Vice Chancellor in the Hitler Cabinet on January 30, 1933, and on November 13, 1933, Plenipotentiary for the Saar. Von Papen was indicted under counts one and two.įranz von Papen mas appointed Chancellor of the Reich on June 1, 1932, and was succeeded by von Schleicher on December 2, 1932. Count Four charged the defendants with crimes against humanity. Count One charged all of the defendants with being "leaders, organizers, instigators, or accomplices in the formation or execution of a common plan or conspiracy to commit, or which involved the commission of, Crimes against Peace, War Crimes, and Crimes against Humanity." Count Two charged the defendants with crimes against peace by their participation "in the planning, preparation, initiation, and waging of wars of aggression." Count Three charged the defendants with war crimes. The International Military Tribunal trials at Nuremberg in 1946 charged the defendants with four crimes.
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